Oracle导出 Exp的使用
dava | 17 十一月, 2006 10:34
Oracle的导出实用程序(Export utility)允许从数据库提取数据，并且将数据写入操作系统文件。exp使用的基本格式：exp[username[/password[@service]]]，以下例举exp常用用法。
1. 获取帮助
exp help=y
2. 导出一个完整数据库
exp system/manager file=bible_db log=dible_db full=y
3. 导出数据库定义而不导出数据
exp system/manager file=bible_db log=dible_db full=y rows=n
4. 导出一个或一组指定用户所属的全部表、索引和其他对象
exp system/manager file=seapark log=seapark owner=seapark
exp system/manager file=seapark log=seapark owner=(seapark,amy,amyc,harold)注意：在导出用户时，尽管已经得到了这个用户的所有对象，但是还是不能得到这些对象引用的任何同义词。解决方法是用以下的SQL*Plus命令创建一个脚本文件，运行这个脚本文件可以获得一个重建seapark所属对象的全部公共同义词的可执行脚本，然后在目标数据库上运行该脚本就可重建同义词了。
SET LINESIZE 132
SET PAGESIZE 0
SET TRIMSPOOL ON
SPOOL c:seapark.syn
SELECT 'Create public synonym '||synonym_name
||' for '||table_owner||'.'||table_name||';'
FROM dba_synonyms
WHERE table_owner = 'SEAPARK' AND owner = 'PUBLIC';
SPOOL OFF5. 导出一个或多个指定表
exp seapark/seapark file=tank log=tank tables=tank
exp system/manager file=tank log=tank tables=seapark.tank
exp system/manager file=tank log=tank tables=(seapark.tank,amy.artist)6. 估计导出文件的大小
全部表总字节数：
SELECT sum(bytes)
FROM dba_segments
WHERE segment_type = 'TABLE';seapark用户所属表的总字节数：
SELECT sum(bytes)
FROM dba_segments
WHERE owner = 'SEAPARK'
AND segment_type = 'TABLE';
seapark用户下的aquatic_animal表的字节数：
SELECT sum(bytes)
FROM dba_segments
WHERE owner = 'SEAPARK'
AND segment_type = 'TABLE'
AND segment_name = 'AQUATIC_ANIMAL';
7. 导出表数据的子集(oracle8i以上)
NT系统：
exp system/manager query='Where salad_type=''FRUIT''' tables=amy.salad_type file=fruit log=fruitUNIX系统：
exp system/manager query="Where salad_type='FRUIT'" tables=amy.salad_type file=fruit log=fruit
8. 用多个文件分割一个导出文件
exp system/manager
file=(paycheck_1,paycheck_2,paycheck_3,paycheck_4)
log=paycheck, filesize=1G tables=hr.paycheck9. 使用参数文件
exp system/manager parfile=bible_tables.par
bible_tables.par参数文件：
#Export the sample tables used for the Oracle8i Database Administrator's Bible.
file=bible_tables
log=bible_tables
tables=(
amy.artist
amy.books
seapark.checkup
seapark.items
)
10. 增量导出
- “完全”增量导出(complete)，即备份整个数据库
exp system/manager inctype=complete file=990702.dmp
- “增量型”增量导出(incremental)，即备份上一次备份后改变的数据
exp system/manager inctype=incremental file=990702.dmp
- “累计型”增量导出(cumulative)，即备份上一次“完全”导出之后改变的数据
exp system/manager inctype=cumulative file=990702.dmp
附：常用参数说明
| 参数 | 说明 |
| file | 指定导出文件名。默认值是file=expdat.dmp。默认的文件扩展名是.dmp |
| filesize | 允许使用多个文件分布式导出数据。默认值为filesize=0，表示所有的数据被写入一个文件。可以选filesize=1024(1K,1M,1G) |
| full | full=y时，表示整个数据库将被导出。默认值为full=n |
| help | 控制帮助屏幕的显示。它的参数是help=y；没有help=n选项 |
| inctype | 指定增量导出选项 |
| indexes | 指定索引是否被导出。默认值为indexes=y。如果不希望索引被导出，用indexes=n |
| log | 指定收集导出信息（包括任何错误信息）的逻辑文件名。默认的文件扩展名是.log |
| owner | 允许为指定用户或一列用户导出数据和对象 |
| parfile | 允许从一个文件读取导出参数 |
| query | 指定从一个或更多的表中导出行的一个子集。它的参数值在where语句中，并且被应用于select语句，在这里export不导出每一个表 |
| rows | 控制表数据是否被导出。默认值为rows=y，表示数据被导出。rows=n表示只想导出表定义，而不想导出表的数据 |
| tables | 允许导入一个指定的表或一列表 |
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